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Which slope characteristics influence soil erodibility?

  1. Elevation, temperature, and humidity

  2. Area, cultivation, and slope stability

  3. Steepness, length, and roughness

  4. Vegetation cover, soil type, and water availability

The correct answer is: Steepness, length, and roughness

The correct choice highlights the characteristics of slope that are critical in determining the potential for soil erosion. Steepness, length, and roughness are all essential factors influencing how easily soil can be eroded by water or wind. Steepness refers to the angle of the slope; the steeper the slope, the greater the gravitational force acting on the soil, which can lead to increased erosion, particularly during rainfall events. As water runs off a steep slope, it carries more soil particles with it. Length relates to how far the slope extends. Longer slopes can accumulate more water runoff, which can increase erosion potential. Water has more time to gather speed and volume as it travels down a longer slope, which can lead to greater soil displacement. Roughness of the slope includes features such as vegetation, rocks, and soil clods. A rougher surface can help trap water and reduce the speed of runoff, thus reducing erosion. Conversely, a smooth, uniform surface allows water to flow more freely and can increase erosion rates. Together, these characteristics define how susceptible a slope is to erosion, making them vital in assessing soil erodibility in stormwater management practices.