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Which of the following is NOT a method for establishing vegetation?

  1. Seeding

  2. Planting a shrub

  3. Watering

  4. Sodding

The correct answer is: Watering

Watering is essential for the establishment and maintenance of vegetation but does not directly contribute to the process of planting or establishing new plants. Seeding, planting shrubs, and sodding are all methods that involve introducing plant materials to a site, which is the fundamental step in establishing vegetation. Seeding involves sowing seeds in the soil, allowing them to germinate and grow. Planting a shrub involves placing a planted container or bare root plant into the soil. Sodding entails laying down pre-grown grass on the soil, establishing a lawn quickly. In contrast, watering is a supportive activity that aids in the survival and growth of these planted materials after they have been established, making it the correct answer for this question as it does not qualify as a method of establishing vegetation.